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Title: :  Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis
PaperId: :  26687
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 11 Issue 3 2025
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-26687
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Hritik RajoraAmity law School Noida
Ayush TripathiAmity law School Noida

Abstract

Legal Jurisprudence
Child Custody, Gender Bias, Fathers' Rights, Tender Years Doctrine, Joint Parenting, Judicial Discretion, Best Interest of the Child
This paper critically examines the gender bias inherent in India’s custodial jurisprudence, particularly in divorce-related custody decisions. Despite the ostensibly gender-neutral language of statutes like the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, and the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, judicial application often favors mothers by default, under the influence of the patriarchal "Tender Years" doctrine. Fathers, even when equally or better equipped emotionally and financially, are frequently relegated to secondary roles or limited visitation rights, undermining their parental involvement and the child's welfare. This research analyses key case laws, judicial trends, and constitutional principles under Articles 14, 15, and 21 to highlight systemic biases. It also explores comparative legal frameworks in jurisdictions such as the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, which have increasingly adopted shared parenting models to ensure balanced custody arrangements. Through doctrinal legal research and critical analysis, the study underscores the need for legislative and judicial reform in India to reflect contemporary societal roles and uphold the best interests of the child. The findings advocate for codified joint custody norms, gender-neutral legal language, and stronger enforcement mechanisms for visitation aiming toward a more equitable and child-centric custodial system.

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IJARIIE Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. "Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 11 Issue 3 2025 Page 2098-2102
MLA Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. "Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11.3(2025) : 2098-2102.
APA Hritik Rajora, & Ayush Tripathi. (2025). Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(3), 2098-2102.
Chicago Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. "Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11, no. 3 (2025) : 2098-2102.
Oxford Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. 'Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 3, 2025, p. 2098-2102. Available from IJARIIE, http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Gender_Bias_in_Custodial_Decisions_–_A_Critical_Analysis_ijariie26687.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. (2025) 'Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(3), pp. 2098-2102IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Gender_Bias_in_Custodial_Decisions_–_A_Critical_Analysis_ijariie26687.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi, "Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 2098-2102, May-Jun 2025. [Online]. Available: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Gender_Bias_in_Custodial_Decisions_–_A_Critical_Analysis_ijariie26687.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. "Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 11 number 3 ().
Vancouver Hritik Rajora, and Ayush Tripathi. Gender Bias in Custodial Decisions – A Critical Analysis. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2025 [Cited : ]; 11(3) : 2098-2102. Available from: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Gender_Bias_in_Custodial_Decisions_–_A_Critical_Analysis_ijariie26687.pdf
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