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Title: :  Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review
PaperId: :  27977
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 12 Issue 1 2026
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-27977
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Ana Love J. RetuertoDavisol Elementary School
Carmelita L. AlinsugDavisol Elementary School
Gerson V. CollenaMabog, National High School

Abstract

Education
differentiated instruction, reading comprehension, Phil-IRI, socio- demographic factors, literacy education, Vygotsky, mixed-ability classrooms
This literature review examines the persistent challenges in reading comprehension among Filipino learners and evaluates differentiated instruction (DI) as a pedagogical response. National and international assessments, including PISA and Phil-IRI, consistently highlight low literacy performance among elementary pupils. Research attributes these difficulties to limited vocabulary, poor fluency, and socio-economic disadvantages. Differentiated instruction, grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, has been shown to improve engagement and comprehension by tailoring content, process, and product to diverse learner needs. Local and international studies confirm DI’s effectiveness, though evidence in rural Philippine schools remains scarce. Socio- demographic variables such as age, sex, parental education, and access to resources further shape reading outcomes. This review synthesizes these findings, emphasizing the need for context-sensitive interventions. It concludes that DI can serve as a viable strategy to enhance reading comprehension in mixed-ability classrooms, with implications for curriculum design, teacher training, and literacy policy.

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IJARIIE Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. "Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 12 Issue 1 2026 Page 397-400
MLA Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. "Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12.1(2026) : 397-400.
APA Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, & Gerson V. Collena. (2026). Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(1), 397-400.
Chicago Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. "Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 1 (2026) : 397-400.
Oxford Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. 'Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 1, 2026, p. 397-400. Available from IJARIIE, http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Factors_Affecting_Reading_Comprehension_and_the_Role_of_Differentiated__Instruction__A_Literature_Review_ijariie27977.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. (2026) 'Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(1), pp. 397-400IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Factors_Affecting_Reading_Comprehension_and_the_Role_of_Differentiated__Instruction__A_Literature_Review_ijariie27977.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena, "Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 397-400, Jan-Feb 2026. [Online]. Available: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Factors_Affecting_Reading_Comprehension_and_the_Role_of_Differentiated__Instruction__A_Literature_Review_ijariie27977.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. "Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 12 number 1 ().
Vancouver Ana Love J. Retuerto, Carmelita L. Alinsug, and Gerson V. Collena. Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension and the Role of Differentiated Instruction: A Literature Review. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2026 [Cited : ]; 12(1) : 397-400. Available from: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Factors_Affecting_Reading_Comprehension_and_the_Role_of_Differentiated__Instruction__A_Literature_Review_ijariie27977.pdf
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