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Title: :  Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples
PaperId: :  28212
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 12 Issue 2 2026
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-28212
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Barate D. L. Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce and Science Akola
Thakare S. R. Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce and Science Akola

Abstract

Microbiology
Milk, Spore former, Non- spore former
Milk serves as a complete nutritional source for human consumption, yet its high water content and neutral pH make it a prime environment for microbial proliferation. Contamination typically originates from the animal's udder, unhygienic handling, or substandard equipment. While pasteurization aims to ensure safety, the persistence of certain bacterial strains remains a significant public health concern. This study investigated the microbial quality of milk by analyzing 20 samples (10 pasteurized and 10 unpasteurized) collected from various locations in Akola city. A total of 51 bacterial isolates were recovered under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, 30 bacteria were isolated. Of these, 69% (20) were non-spore formers—predominantly found in unpasteurized milk (18) compared to pasteurized milk (2). The remaining 31% (10) were facultative anaerobic spore formers. Identification revealed that Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence (26.67%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Salmonella spp. (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.67%), and Shigela spp. (3.34%). Among aerobic spore formers, Bacillus subtilis (20%) and Bacillus cereus (13.34%) were the most common. Under anaerobic conditions, 21 bacteria were isolated. In contrast to aerobic results, spore-forming bacteria showed a significantly higher prevalence at 76% (16), while non-spore formers accounted for only 24% (5). The most prevalent anaerobic spore former was Clostridium perfringens (33.34%), followed by Clostridium titani (28.58%), Bacillus licheniformis (9.53%), and Clostridium sporogenes (4.77%). Anaerobic non-spore formers included Lactobacillus spp. (14.29%) and Escherichia coli (9.52%).The findings highlight a diverse bacterial load in both milk types, with a notably higher concentration of pathogens in unpasteurized samples and a dominance of Clostridium and Bacillus species among spore-forming isolates.

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IJARIIE Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . "Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 12 Issue 2 2026 Page 698-709
MLA Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . "Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12.2(2026) : 698-709.
APA Barate D. L. , & Thakare S. R. . (2026). Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), 698-709.
Chicago Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . "Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 2 (2026) : 698-709.
Oxford Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . 'Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, 2026, p. 698-709. Available from IJARIIE, http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Studies_on_prevalence_of_spore_forming_and_non_spore_forming_bacteria_from_milk_samples_ijariie28212.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . (2026) 'Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), pp. 698-709IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Studies_on_prevalence_of_spore_forming_and_non_spore_forming_bacteria_from_milk_samples_ijariie28212.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. , "Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 698-709, Mar-App 2026. [Online]. Available: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Studies_on_prevalence_of_spore_forming_and_non_spore_forming_bacteria_from_milk_samples_ijariie28212.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . "Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 12 number 2 ().
Vancouver Barate D. L. , and Thakare S. R. . Studies on prevalence of spore-forming and non-spore forming bacteria from milk samples. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2026 [Cited : ]; 12(2) : 698-709. Available from: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Studies_on_prevalence_of_spore_forming_and_non_spore_forming_bacteria_from_milk_samples_ijariie28212.pdf
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