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Title: :  BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY
PaperId: :  28405
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 12 Issue 3 2026
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-28405
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
B.M.SWAMYS.J.M. COLLEGE FOR ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE COLLEGE

Abstract

COMMERCE
MODERN BANKING, COMMERCIAL BANK IMPERIAL BANK CENTRAL BANK. BANKING LAWS NATIONALISATION TO LIBERALISATION, BANK OF BENGAL
Modern banking in India began during the colonial period with the establishment of agency houses and presidency banks such as the Bank of Bengal (1806), Bank of Bombay (1840), and Bank of Madras (1843). These institutions were later merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which functioned both as a commercial bank and a quasi-central bank. After Independence, concerns emerged that the banking system was largely serving the interests of urban and industrial elites, while neglecting agriculture and rural sectors. To address this imbalance, the Imperial Bank was nationalised in 1955 and converted into the State Bank of India, marking the beginning of state intervention in banking. phases: First Phase (1969): In 1969, the Government of India nationalised 14 major commercial banks. These were banks with deposits above ₹50 crore. Second Phase (1980): In 1980, the government nationalised 6 more banks, expanding state control further. The Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 was enacted to update outdated provisions in banking laws, strengthen governance in public sector banks, and improve depositor convenience in a modern financial system. Key reforms include:

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IJARIIE B.M.SWAMY. "BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 12 Issue 3 2026 Page 154-158
MLA B.M.SWAMY. "BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12.3(2026) : 154-158.
APA B.M.SWAMY. (2026). BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(3), 154-158.
Chicago B.M.SWAMY. "BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 3 (2026) : 154-158.
Oxford B.M.SWAMY. 'BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 3, 2026, p. 154-158. Available from IJARIIE, http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/BANKING_SECTOR_REFORMS__EVOLUTION__PHASES___A_STUDY_ijariie28405.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard B.M.SWAMY. (2026) 'BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(3), pp. 154-158IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/BANKING_SECTOR_REFORMS__EVOLUTION__PHASES___A_STUDY_ijariie28405.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE B.M.SWAMY, "BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 154-158, May-Jun 2026. [Online]. Available: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/BANKING_SECTOR_REFORMS__EVOLUTION__PHASES___A_STUDY_ijariie28405.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian B.M.SWAMY. "BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 12 number 3 ().
Vancouver B.M.SWAMY. BANKING SECTOR REFORMS, EVOLUTION, PHASES, -A STUDY. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2026 [Cited : ]; 12(3) : 154-158. Available from: http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/BANKING_SECTOR_REFORMS__EVOLUTION__PHASES___A_STUDY_ijariie28405.pdf
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