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Title: :  ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT
PaperId: :  11527
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 6 Issue 2 2020
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-11527
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
I. AZIZ Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment University of Mahajanga Madagascar
L. MOMA Higher Institute of Sciences, Environment & Sustainable Development (ISSEDD) -University of Toamasina (Madagascar)
L.LEHIMENAFaculty of Science, Technology and Environment University of Mahajanga Madagascar
J. L. RASOANAIVO Energy Department, Centre National de Recherches Industrielle et Technologique (CNRIT) Madagascar
A.O. RAVONINJATOVO Energy Department, Centre National de Recherches Industrielle et Technologique (CNRIT) Madagascar
R. RAKOTOSAONA Process engineering, Materials engineering, water treatment, Director of Polytechnic Higher School, University of Antananarivo Madagascar
A. RATIARISONPhysics and Applications, Sciences and Technologies, University of Antananarivo Madagascar

Abstract

PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT
artisanal gold mining, eco-environmental damage, valuable minerals, rare earths, strategies
Artisanal gold mining is the occupation where many households have opted to work in order to cope with the socio-economic difficulties that the country has gone through. This activity presents several threats to the environment, including: loss of cultivated surface area, soil destruction manifested by the loss of sediment transported by erosion, loss of soil biodiversity, water pollution and disruption of wildlife life. On the other hand, it is a profession that also offers socio-economic benefits, including the reduction of a high unemployment rate, the reduction of rural exodus, the survival of the local population and, by extension, local development. In order to develop this artisanal gold industry while reducing the threats to the environment, strategies will have to be taken, among others: raising the awareness of all the actors in the industry, the rehabilitation or restoration of the exploitation areas. An environmental improvement plan will have to be proposed in order not only to support artisanal miners with environmental mitigation and restoration programs during mining and after the closure of the small mine, but also to promote best practices in environmental management.

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IJARIIE I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. "ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 6 Issue 2 2020 Page 339-352
MLA I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. "ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 6.2(2020) : 339-352.
APA I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , & A. RATIARISON. (2020). ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 6(2), 339-352.
Chicago I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. "ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 6, no. 2 (2020) : 339-352.
Oxford I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. 'ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 6, no. 2, 2020, p. 339-352. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/ARTISANAL_GOLD_MINING__ECO_ENVIRONMENTAL_DAMAGE__LOSS_OF_MINING_WEALTH__LOCAL_SURVIVAL_AND_DEVELOPMENT__WHAT_STRATEGIES_HAVE_BEEN_ADOPTED__CASE_OF_VAVATENINA_DISTRICT_ijariie11527.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. (2020) 'ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 6(2), pp. 339-352IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/ARTISANAL_GOLD_MINING__ECO_ENVIRONMENTAL_DAMAGE__LOSS_OF_MINING_WEALTH__LOCAL_SURVIVAL_AND_DEVELOPMENT__WHAT_STRATEGIES_HAVE_BEEN_ADOPTED__CASE_OF_VAVATENINA_DISTRICT_ijariie11527.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON, "ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 339-352, Mar-App 2020. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/ARTISANAL_GOLD_MINING__ECO_ENVIRONMENTAL_DAMAGE__LOSS_OF_MINING_WEALTH__LOCAL_SURVIVAL_AND_DEVELOPMENT__WHAT_STRATEGIES_HAVE_BEEN_ADOPTED__CASE_OF_VAVATENINA_DISTRICT_ijariie11527.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. "ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 6 number 2 ().
Vancouver I. AZIZ , L. MOMA , L.LEHIMENA, J. L. RASOANAIVO , A.O. RAVONINJATOVO , R. RAKOTOSAONA , and A. RATIARISON. ARTISANAL GOLD MINING: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, LOSS OF MINING WEALTH, LOCAL SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT. WHAT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED? CASE OF VAVATENINA DISTRICT. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2020 [Cited : ]; 6(2) : 339-352. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/ARTISANAL_GOLD_MINING__ECO_ENVIRONMENTAL_DAMAGE__LOSS_OF_MINING_WEALTH__LOCAL_SURVIVAL_AND_DEVELOPMENT__WHAT_STRATEGIES_HAVE_BEEN_ADOPTED__CASE_OF_VAVATENINA_DISTRICT_ijariie11527.pdf
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