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Title: :  COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
PaperId: :  19839
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 9 Issue 2 2023
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-19839
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Mark O. OnyemaDepartment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Virginia I. P. NitonyeDepartment of Chemistry, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Michael Horsfall Jnr. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Science Chemistry
Food, Nigeria, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Grill, Roast, Gas chromatography, Concentration, Distribution
The distribution and concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled (GR) and roasted (RO) fish (FH), meat (MT), plantain (PN) and yam (YM), commonly consumed in Port Harcourt (Nigeria), were evaluated. Gas chromatography analyses detected PAHs in the grilled (13-16) and roasted (11-14) food samples with the total concentration in each food sample higher for the roasted than grilled. Nine PAHs were detected in all the food samples: anthracene (3 ring), fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (4-6 ring). Total concentrations of the 4-6 ring high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were more in the grilled food samples (28.88, 14.88, 32.84 and 21.56) and significantly more in the roasted food samples (54.87, 42.88, 34.85 and 78.86) than the 2-3 ring low molecular weight (LMW), which were generally minor constituents or absent, respectively. Fluoranthene and pyrene were most prominent in all the food samples with concentrations from 7.89 to 37.00 g/kg and 3.04 to 13.53 g/kg in the grilled, and 17.84 to 113.58 g/kg and 8.93 to 23.23 g/kg in the roasted, respectively. Ratio of fluoranthene and pyrene (Fth/Pyr) commonly employed as diagnostic of PAH formation processes range from 2.04 to 2.73 for the grilled and 2.00 to 4.89 for the roasted food samples. These results indicate that grilling and roasting of fish, meat, plantain and yam generated and incorporated PAHs, with comparable distributions and varying concentrations, into the food samples which are commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

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IJARIIE Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 9 Issue 2 2023 Page 2488-2494
MLA Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 9.2(2023) : 2488-2494.
APA Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, & Michael Horsfall Jnr. . (2023). COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 9(2), 2488-2494.
Chicago Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 9, no. 2 (2023) : 2488-2494.
Oxford Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . 'COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 9, no. 2, 2023, p. 2488-2494. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_OF_POLYCYCLIC_AROMATIC_HYDROCARBON__PAH__DISTRIBUTIONS_IN_SOME_COMMONLY_CONSUMED_FOODS_IN_PORT_HARCOURT__NIGERIA___PREPARED_BY_DIFFERENT_METHODS_ijariie19839.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . (2023) 'COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 9(2), pp. 2488-2494IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_OF_POLYCYCLIC_AROMATIC_HYDROCARBON__PAH__DISTRIBUTIONS_IN_SOME_COMMONLY_CONSUMED_FOODS_IN_PORT_HARCOURT__NIGERIA___PREPARED_BY_DIFFERENT_METHODS_ijariie19839.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. , "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 2488-2494, Mar-App 2023. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_OF_POLYCYCLIC_AROMATIC_HYDROCARBON__PAH__DISTRIBUTIONS_IN_SOME_COMMONLY_CONSUMED_FOODS_IN_PORT_HARCOURT__NIGERIA___PREPARED_BY_DIFFERENT_METHODS_ijariie19839.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 9 number 2 ().
Vancouver Mark O. Onyema, Virginia I. P. Nitonye, and Michael Horsfall Jnr. . COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) DISTRIBUTIONS IN SOME COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN PORT HARCOURT (NIGERIA), PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2023 [Cited : ]; 9(2) : 2488-2494. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_OF_POLYCYCLIC_AROMATIC_HYDROCARBON__PAH__DISTRIBUTIONS_IN_SOME_COMMONLY_CONSUMED_FOODS_IN_PORT_HARCOURT__NIGERIA___PREPARED_BY_DIFFERENT_METHODS_ijariie19839.pdf
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