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Background:
Obesity, defined as a BMI of 30 or higher, affects over 1 billion people globally, with significant
increases in prevalence, including 70 million adults in India in 2022, nearly twice as many women
(44 million) as men (26 million). Various risk factors, including socioeconomic status, genetics,
physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and medical conditions like heart disease and diabetes, contribute
to obesity. Studies across different regions highlight the impact of behavioral, demographic, and
lifestyle factors on obesity. Addressing obesity is crucial for reducing the risk of associated diseases
and improving overall health and quality of life. This research aims to provide insights into these
factors, helping healthcare professionals develop targeted interventions, personalized treatment
plans, and effective public health policies to combat obesity.
Objective:
The primary objective of the study is to quantify and understand the prevalence of specific risk factors
associated with obesity within the study population. This involves systematically identifying and
measuring factors such as socioeconomic status, genetics, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary
habits, and medical conditions, to determine their contribution to obesity rates. By comprehensively
analyzing these variables, the study aims to provide a detailed overview of how each factor influences
obesity, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of the epidemic's root causes. The secondary
objective is to identify the most prevalent risk factor for obesity. This involves not only determining
which risk factor is most commonly associated with obesity but also understanding its impact relative
to other factors. Identifying the predominant risk factor will enable healthcare professionals to
prioritize interventions and tailor public health strategies more effectively to address the most
significant contributors to obesity within the population.
Methodology:
The study, an observational design conducted at D.Y. Patil University in Navi Mumbai over six
months, aimed to assess the prevalence of risk factors associated with obesity among individuals
above 18 years. Ethical clearance was obtained, and all eligible participants from the university were
included. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering personal information, genetic
and family history, socioeconomic factors using the Modified Kuppuswamy Scale, medical
conditions, unhealthy eating habits, and physical activity. The questionnaire was administered through various channels to ensure diverse participation. Data were analyzed using Stata version
13.1, with demographic information summarized descriptively, and both continuous and categorical
variables presented with appropriate statistical measures. The study adhered to ethical guidelines,
ensuring participant confidentiality and data integrity throughout the process.
Result:
The study aimed to quantify and understand the prevalence of specific risk factors associated with
obesity among individuals aged 18 and above, revealing significant insights into demographic,
genetic, socioeconomic, medical, dietary, and physical activity factors. Conducted over six months
with a 100% participation rate from 100 individuals at D.Y. Patil University, the study found that the
average participant was 24.35 years old with a BMI of 34.49 kg/m², classifying them as obese. A
significant 67% had a family history of obesity, 85% belonged to the upper-middle class, and 98%
had access to affordable nutritious food. Despite this, all participants consumed fast food regularly,
with 56% consuming it daily. Medical conditions such as diabetes (18%) and high blood pressure
(15%) were prevalent. Physical activity levels were predominantly sedentary, with only 3% reporting
moderate activity and 56% engaging in some form of exercise, primarily walking. The findings
highlight the complex interplay of genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors contributing to
obesity and emphasize the need for targeted interventions.
Conclusion:
This study assessed the prevalence of risk factors associated with obesity among individuals aged 18
and above, revealing key insights into demographic, genetic, socioeconomic, medical, dietary, and
physical activity profiles. The participants, with a mean age of 24.35 years and a mean BMI of 34.49
kg/m², were categorized as obese. Genetic factors showed that 67% had a family history of obesity.
Despite high socioeconomic status and access to nutritious food, unhealthy eating habits were
prevalent, with all participants consuming fast food and 56% doing so daily. Physical inactivity was
widespread, with 97% leading sedentary lifestyles and only 23% exercising daily. Medical conditions
such as diabetes (18%) and high blood pressure (15%) were also common. The findings highlight the
complex interplay of various factors contributing to obesity and underscore the need for
comprehensive interventions to address this multifaceted issue. |