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Title: :  Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim
PaperId: :  26205
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 11 Issue 2 2025
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-26205
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Dr. Jigme Wangchuk BhutiaNar Bahadur Bhandari Government College, Sikkim, India.

Abstract

History
Pre-monarchical Society, Lepchas, Limboos, Bhutias, Oral Traditions, Blood Brotherhood Treaty, Tibeto-Burman
This paper examines the political and social foundations of pre-monarchical Sikkim, a period often obscured by the dominance of oral traditions and the absence of concrete historical records. Contrary to the assumption of isolation or underdevelopment, emerging evidence points to the existence of organized, egalitarian societies with decentralized governance rooted in kinship, communal ownership of land, and consensus-based decision-making. The indigenous Lepcha community, with its patrilineal structure and spiritual leadership, played a central role, while the Limboos and Bhutias contributed to the socio-economic diversity through agriculture, pastoralism, and trade. Archaeological findings and oral accounts suggest that Sikkim’s early societies maintained vibrant cultural exchanges with neighboring regions, facilitated by trade routes and migratory waves, particularly those of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group. The symbolic Blood Brotherhood Treaty at Kabi Lungchok, though historically debated, reflects early political diplomacy. The advent of the Namgyal dynasty in 1642 marked a shift from tribal autonomy to centralized theocratic rule under Tibetan Buddhist influence. Despite limited archival evidence, recent interdisciplinary research—archaeological, linguistic, and anthropological—is gradually reconstructing Sikkim’s complex pre-monarchical past, highlighting it as a dynamic cultural and political space shaped by internal developments and external interactions.

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IJARIIE Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. "Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 11 Issue 2 2025 Page 1952-1955
MLA Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. "Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11.2(2025) : 1952-1955.
APA Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. (2025). Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(2), 1952-1955.
Chicago Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. "Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11, no. 2 (2025) : 1952-1955.
Oxford Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. 'Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 2, 2025, p. 1952-1955. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Foundations_of_Power__Early_political_Structures_in_Pre_Monarchical_Sikkim_ijariie26205.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. (2025) 'Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(2), pp. 1952-1955IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Foundations_of_Power__Early_political_Structures_in_Pre_Monarchical_Sikkim_ijariie26205.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia, "Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1952-1955, Mar-App 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Foundations_of_Power__Early_political_Structures_in_Pre_Monarchical_Sikkim_ijariie26205.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. "Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 11 number 2 ().
Vancouver Dr. Jigme Wangchuk Bhutia. Foundations of Power: Early political Structures in Pre-Monarchical Sikkim. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2025 [Cited : ]; 11(2) : 1952-1955. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Foundations_of_Power__Early_political_Structures_in_Pre_Monarchical_Sikkim_ijariie26205.pdf
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