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Title: :  DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS
PaperId: :  26591
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 11 Issue 3 2025
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-26591
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA North Eastern Mindanao State University-Cantilan Campus
FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUBNorth Eastern Mindanao State University-Main Campus

Abstract

Financial Inclusion / Microfinance
debt management strategies, smallholder farmers, cooperative lending, government subsidies, financial literacy, financial capability, rural finance, program implementation, agricultural policy
This study investigates the debt management strategies of smallholder rice farmers in Surigao del Sur, focusing on their access to and engagement with cooperative lending and government subsidy programs. A total of 370 respondents were surveyed to assess their demographic profiles, financial behaviors, and the frequency, consistency, awareness, and knowledge associated with these institutional support mechanisms. While the findings confirm full structural access to both strategies, results reveal significant variability in implementation consistency, engagement frequency, and depth of understanding. Many farmers continue to rely on informal lenders, underscoring persistent barriers in trust, literacy, and institutional responsiveness. Drawing from Institutional Theory, Financial Capability Framework, and Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the study concludes that effective program delivery requires not only access but also behavioral reinforcement, transparency, and capacity building. The study recommends strengthening extension services, digitizing and decentralizing implementation processes, and institutionalizing financial literacy at the grassroots level. These findings offer critical implications for designing inclusive, responsive, and sustainable debt support systems for rural farming communities.

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IJARIIE ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. "DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 11 Issue 3 2025 Page 1267-1277
MLA ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. "DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11.3(2025) : 1267-1277.
APA ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , & FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. (2025). DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(3), 1267-1277.
Chicago ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. "DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11, no. 3 (2025) : 1267-1277.
Oxford ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. 'DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 3, 2025, p. 1267-1277. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/DEMOGRAPHICS__STRATEGIC_PRACTICES__AND_SOURCES_OF_CREDIT_AMONG_SMALLHOLDER_FARMERS_ijariie26591.pdf (Accessed : 21 November 2025).
Harvard ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. (2025) 'DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(3), pp. 1267-1277IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/DEMOGRAPHICS__STRATEGIC_PRACTICES__AND_SOURCES_OF_CREDIT_AMONG_SMALLHOLDER_FARMERS_ijariie26591.pdf (Accessed : 21 November 2025)
IEEE ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB, "DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1267-1277, May-Jun 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/DEMOGRAPHICS__STRATEGIC_PRACTICES__AND_SOURCES_OF_CREDIT_AMONG_SMALLHOLDER_FARMERS_ijariie26591.pdf [Accessed : 21 November 2025].
Turabian ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. "DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 11 number 3 (21 November 2025).
Vancouver ZHACKIE ZOAVE D. PLAZA , and FLORESITO DUMAGAN CALUB. DEMOGRAPHICS, STRATEGIC PRACTICES, AND SOURCES OF CREDIT AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2025 [Cited : 21 November 2025]; 11(3) : 1267-1277. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/DEMOGRAPHICS__STRATEGIC_PRACTICES__AND_SOURCES_OF_CREDIT_AMONG_SMALLHOLDER_FARMERS_ijariie26591.pdf
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