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Title: :  Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs
PaperId: :  26653
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 11 Issue 3 2025
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-26653
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Ivy Valerie Jean L. TalisicDepartment of Education-Gamut Central Elementary School
Juvy P. Patan, EdDNortheastern Mindanao State University Rosario, Tandag City

Abstract

Special Education
Inclusive Education, Administrative Support, Teacher Efficacy, Mainstreaming, Special Needs Learners, School Preparedness
This study examined how public elementary and secondary schools in the Municipality of Tago, Surigao del Sur mainstream learners with special needs, focusing on three core elements: administrative support, the efficacy of teachers and school leaders, and overall school preparedness. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the research first involved a quantitative survey administered to 195 teachers and 26 administrators, followed by in-depth interviews with 24 teachers, 16 administrators, and 9 parents of SEN learners. The quantitative instrument underwent expert validation and reliability testing, with Cronbach’s alpha scores ranging from 0.901 to 0.946 across all domains, indicating excellent internal consistency. Findings revealed that teachers and administrators generally exhibited high efficacy in belief, classroom management, instructional strategies, assessment integration, and emotional/social support. However, only 24.1% of respondents had undergone training in inclusive education, highlighting a significant gap in professional development. Administrative support was rated moderately effective, with higher scores for external training opportunities but lower ratings for internal resource provision and infrastructure readiness. Schools demonstrated moderate preparedness, particularly in inclusive practices and curriculum adaptation, yet struggled with resource availability and accommodations for learners with sensory impairments. Multivariate analysis showed that only age significantly influenced teacher efficacy. A positive and moderate correlation was found between administrative support and school preparedness, confirming the critical role of institutional backing. Qualitative insights echoed these findings, emphasizing challenges such as behavioral issues, lack of resources, limited training, and weak stakeholder collaboration. Parents expressed both frustration and resilience in advocating for their children’s education. The study recommends a systemic intervention plan encompassing capacity building, inclusive infrastructure, collaborative governance, and data-informed planning to transform inclusive education from a compliance requirement into a sustained commitment.

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IJARIIE Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. "Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 11 Issue 3 2025 Page 1686-1695
MLA Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. "Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11.3(2025) : 1686-1695.
APA Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, & Juvy P. Patan, EdD. (2025). Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(3), 1686-1695.
Chicago Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. "Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11, no. 3 (2025) : 1686-1695.
Oxford Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. 'Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 3, 2025, p. 1686-1695. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Creating_Inclusive_Education__The_Role_of_Schools_Capacity__in_Mainstream_Learners_with_Special_Needs_ijariie26653.pdf (Accessed : 13 November 2025).
Harvard Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. (2025) 'Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(3), pp. 1686-1695IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Creating_Inclusive_Education__The_Role_of_Schools_Capacity__in_Mainstream_Learners_with_Special_Needs_ijariie26653.pdf (Accessed : 13 November 2025)
IEEE Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD, "Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1686-1695, May-Jun 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Creating_Inclusive_Education__The_Role_of_Schools_Capacity__in_Mainstream_Learners_with_Special_Needs_ijariie26653.pdf [Accessed : 13 November 2025].
Turabian Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. "Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 11 number 3 (13 November 2025).
Vancouver Ivy Valerie Jean L. Talisic, and Juvy P. Patan, EdD. Creating Inclusive Education: The Role of Schools Capacity in Mainstream Learners with Special Needs. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2025 [Cited : 13 November 2025]; 11(3) : 1686-1695. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Creating_Inclusive_Education__The_Role_of_Schools_Capacity__in_Mainstream_Learners_with_Special_Needs_ijariie26653.pdf
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