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Title: :  Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors
PaperId: :  27595
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 11 Issue 6 2025
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-27595
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
AnwarUniversity of Swat
Anwar ul HaqUniversity of Swat

Abstract

Physics
Neutron multiplication factor (keff), Nuclear waste transmutation, Hybrid fuel configuration, Advanced nuclear fuels, Thorium fuel cycle.
This study investigates the implementation of thorium-based fuel cycles in European Pressurized Reactors (EPR) as a strategic approach to reduce long-term radioactive waste and enhance fuel sustainability. Using Monte Carlo MCNPX 2.6.0 simulations, we analyzed the neutronic performance of hybrid fuel configurations combining uranium dioxide (UO₂) and thorium dioxide (ThO₂) in alternating layers within EPR fuel assemblies. Our results demonstrate that thorium-uranium fuel cycles can reduce long-term radio-toxicity by approximately three orders of magnitude compared to conventional uranium-plutonium cycles, primarily due to minimized production of minor actinides. The research reveals critical insights into uranium-233 breeding dynamics, showing that saturation concentration (~1.29 wt%) is independent of power density, while breeding kinetics strongly depend on neutron flux distribution. Peripheral thorium placement proved inefficient due to low neutron flux, whereas optimized multi-layer configurations enabled sustainable operation with keff stabilization at ~0.8 after 1000 days at 5 GWth power. The study identifies that inner core layers (30-130 cm radial positions) achieve U-233 saturation within 2500 days, contributing significantly to power generation and reaching parity with UO₂ fuel after approximately 1000 days of operation. These findings provide crucial guidance for implementing once-through thorium fuel cycles in existing light water reactors with minimal modifications, offering a practical pathway toward reduced environmental impact and enhanced fuel cycle sustainability in nuclear energy systems.

Citations

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IJARIIE Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. "Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 11 Issue 6 2025 Page 13-26
MLA Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. "Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11.6(2025) : 13-26.
APA Anwar, & Anwar ul Haq. (2025). Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(6), 13-26.
Chicago Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. "Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11, no. 6 (2025) : 13-26.
Oxford Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. 'Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 6, 2025, p. 13-26. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Advanced_Thorium_Fuel_Configuration_for_Enhanced_Breeding_and_Reduced_Radio_toxicity_in_Pressurized_Water_Reactors_ijariie27595.pdf (Accessed : 06 November 2025).
Harvard Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. (2025) 'Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(6), pp. 13-26IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Advanced_Thorium_Fuel_Configuration_for_Enhanced_Breeding_and_Reduced_Radio_toxicity_in_Pressurized_Water_Reactors_ijariie27595.pdf (Accessed : 06 November 2025)
IEEE Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq, "Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 13-26, Nov-Dec 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Advanced_Thorium_Fuel_Configuration_for_Enhanced_Breeding_and_Reduced_Radio_toxicity_in_Pressurized_Water_Reactors_ijariie27595.pdf [Accessed : 06 November 2025].
Turabian Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. "Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 11 number 6 (06 November 2025).
Vancouver Anwar, and Anwar ul Haq. Advanced Thorium Fuel Configuration for Enhanced Breeding and Reduced Radio-toxicity in Pressurized Water Reactors. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2025 [Cited : 06 November 2025]; 11(6) : 13-26. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Advanced_Thorium_Fuel_Configuration_for_Enhanced_Breeding_and_Reduced_Radio_toxicity_in_Pressurized_Water_Reactors_ijariie27595.pdf
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