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Title: :  A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140
PaperId: :  27858
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 11 Issue 6 2025
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-27858
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
U. V. S. Seshavatharam(1)Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Survey no-42, Hitech city, Hyderabad-84,Telangana, India (2) Quality Assurance Dept, Casting, DIP Division, Electrosteel Castings Ltd, Srikalahasthi, AP, India.
S. LakshminarayanaDept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India

Abstract

Nuclear physics
6 terms semi empirical mass formula, single set of energy coefficients, Z= (1 to 140), accuracy, predictability ML and AI techniques Micro-Macro refinement
A newly proposed six-terms semi-empirical binding energy formula demonstrates enhanced accuracy and unified applicability across the entire periodic table, from Z=1 to 140. While retaining the foundational structure of the classical semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF), this model introduces refined corrections for surface, Coulomb, and asymmetry effects. Validated against experimental data, it predicts nuclear binding energies with typical deviations below 1.5%, significantly outperforming the traditional SEMF, particularly for light nuclei, odd-A systems, and superheavy elements. The model exhibits smooth numerical behaviour, physical consistency, and structural simplicity, making it a valuable tool for nuclear structure modelling, astrophysical applications, and future studies of exotic and superheavy isotopes. In a macroscopic framework, integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, combined with forthcoming experimental binding energy data, may enable the refinement of the six energy coefficients for improved accuracy and predictive power. From a microscopic perspective, further enhancements can be pursued to address shell effects, pairing interactions, and nuclear deformation in greater detail.

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IJARIIE U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. "A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 11 Issue 6 2025 Page 1716-1731
MLA U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. "A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11.6(2025) : 1716-1731.
APA U. V. S. Seshavatharam, & S. Lakshminarayana. (2025). A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(6), 1716-1731.
Chicago U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. "A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 11, no. 6 (2025) : 1716-1731.
Oxford U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. 'A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 6, 2025, p. 1716-1731. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/A_Unified_6_Terms_Formula_for_Nuclear_Binding_Energy_with_a_Single_Set_of_Energy_Coefficients_for_Z_=_1–140_ijariie27858.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. (2025) 'A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 11(6), pp. 1716-1731IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/A_Unified_6_Terms_Formula_for_Nuclear_Binding_Energy_with_a_Single_Set_of_Energy_Coefficients_for_Z_=_1–140_ijariie27858.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana, "A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1716-1731, Nov-Dec 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/A_Unified_6_Terms_Formula_for_Nuclear_Binding_Energy_with_a_Single_Set_of_Energy_Coefficients_for_Z_=_1–140_ijariie27858.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. "A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 11 number 6 ().
Vancouver U. V. S. Seshavatharam, and S. Lakshminarayana. A Unified 6-Terms Formula for Nuclear Binding Energy with a Single Set of Energy Coefficients for Z = 1–140. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2025 [Cited : ]; 11(6) : 1716-1731. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/A_Unified_6_Terms_Formula_for_Nuclear_Binding_Energy_with_a_Single_Set_of_Energy_Coefficients_for_Z_=_1–140_ijariie27858.pdf
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