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Title: :  STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS
PaperId: :  28130
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 12 Issue 2 2026
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-28130
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Aila Joy H. ArevaloDepartment of Education, Sorsogon Philippines
Sherill A. GilbasSorsogon State University Sorsogon City Philippines

Abstract

Education
Academic Writing, Cognitive Challenges, Comics, Linguistic Markers, Multimodal Instruction
The study investigated how Grade 10 students construct opinion statements and build claims for fact, policy, and value, based on two genres, news articles and comics. Specifically, it explored clausal and phrasal constructions and linguistic markers such as modals, connectives, and stance. Results showed that although students tried to use complex sentences, their output was not accurate, clear, and coherent. Moreover, comic-based tasks evoked more personal and expressive writing, whereas tasks based on news articles were more formal and less developed. In both genres, it was observed that students lacked vocabulary, academic writing skills, and structural skills, as manifested by their cognitive difficulties such as poor sentence construction skills, short attention span, lack of metacognitive skills, and over-reliance on technology. To cope with the inadequacy in academic writing skills, a new pedagogical tool was realized: Digital Comics Cognitive Support Toolkit. This new pedagogical tool is based on genre-based pedagogy, multimodal learning, and cognitive scaffolding. It is recommended that the toolkit be validated by experts, used as supplementary material in Grade 10 English, and improved to be used in teaching academic writing.

Citations

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IJARIIE Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. "STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 12 Issue 2 2026 Page 446-454
MLA Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. "STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12.2(2026) : 446-454.
APA Aila Joy H. Arevalo, & Sherill A. Gilbas. (2026). STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), 446-454.
Chicago Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. "STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 2 (2026) : 446-454.
Oxford Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. 'STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, 2026, p. 446-454. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/STUDENTS’_COGNITIVE_CHALLENGES_IN_SELECTED_COMPETENCIES__IN_GRADE_10__AN_ANALYSIS_ijariie28130.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. (2026) 'STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), pp. 446-454IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/STUDENTS’_COGNITIVE_CHALLENGES_IN_SELECTED_COMPETENCIES__IN_GRADE_10__AN_ANALYSIS_ijariie28130.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas, "STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 446-454, Mar-App 2026. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/STUDENTS’_COGNITIVE_CHALLENGES_IN_SELECTED_COMPETENCIES__IN_GRADE_10__AN_ANALYSIS_ijariie28130.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. "STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 12 number 2 ().
Vancouver Aila Joy H. Arevalo, and Sherill A. Gilbas. STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE CHALLENGES IN SELECTED COMPETENCIES IN GRADE 10: AN ANALYSIS. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2026 [Cited : ]; 12(2) : 446-454. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/STUDENTS’_COGNITIVE_CHALLENGES_IN_SELECTED_COMPETENCIES__IN_GRADE_10__AN_ANALYSIS_ijariie28130.pdf
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