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Title: :  MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION
PaperId: :  28204
Published in:   International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education
Publisher:   IJARIIE
e-ISSN:   2395-4396
Volume/Issue:    Volume 12 Issue 2 2026
DUI:    16.0415/IJARIIE-28204
Licence: :   IJARIIE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author NameAuthor Institute
Dinesh Kumar M Kumaraguru college of Technology
muthumeena SKumaraguru college of Technology
Pavendhan AKumaraguru college of Technology

Abstract

Textile Technology
Shade variation, knit dyeing, process standardization, color consistency, textile dyeing, liquor ratio, fabric GSM, spectrophotometer, Re-dyeing minimization, Delta E (ΔE), Delta L (ΔL), Delta A (ΔA), Delta B (ΔB), Delta C (ΔC), Delta H (ΔH) Metamerism, Right First Time (RFT), softener pickup, CIELAB, cost minimization
Shade variation is a persistent quality challenge in industrial knit fabric dyeing, leading to increased costs and reprocessing. This study investigates minimizing these variations in reactive-dyed cotton knitted fabrics through systematic process standardization across pre-treatment, dyeing, finishing, and reprocessing stages. Utilizing CIELAB parameters (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔC*, ΔH*), the research identifies that shade inconsistency stems not only from dyeing variables but also from finishing conditions and absorbency uniformity. Key interventions included regulating steam-based compacting, optimizing Cold Pad Batch (CPB) squeezer pressure, implementing continuous scouring (CBR), and controlling reprocessed water pH (≤ 6.5). Results demonstrated a significant improvement in Right First Time (RFT) performance, increasing from approximately 82–85% to 92–95%, while reducing the reprocess rate by over 50%. Furthermore, the study achieved a chemical cost reduction of ₹3.21 per kg of fabric. This research highlights that a holistic, integrated standardization framework is essential for sustainable shade consistency.

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IJARIIE Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 12 Issue 2 2026 Page 603-621
MLA Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12.2(2026) : 603-621.
APA Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, & Pavendhan A. (2026). MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), 603-621.
Chicago Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 2 (2026) : 603-621.
Oxford Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. 'MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, 2026, p. 603-621. Available from IJARIIE, https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/MINIMIZING_SHADE_VARIATIONS_IN_KNIT_DYEING_THROUGH_PROCESS_STANDARDIZATION_ijariie28204.pdf (Accessed : ).
Harvard Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. (2026) 'MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION', International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), pp. 603-621IJARIIE [Online]. Available at: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/MINIMIZING_SHADE_VARIATIONS_IN_KNIT_DYEING_THROUGH_PROCESS_STANDARDIZATION_ijariie28204.pdf (Accessed : )
IEEE Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A, "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION," International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 603-621, Mar-App 2026. [Online]. Available: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/MINIMIZING_SHADE_VARIATIONS_IN_KNIT_DYEING_THROUGH_PROCESS_STANDARDIZATION_ijariie28204.pdf [Accessed : ].
Turabian Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION." International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Online]. volume 12 number 2 ().
Vancouver Dinesh Kumar M , muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education [Internet]. 2026 [Cited : ]; 12(2) : 603-621. Available from: https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/MINIMIZING_SHADE_VARIATIONS_IN_KNIT_DYEING_THROUGH_PROCESS_STANDARDIZATION_ijariie28204.pdf
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